Photographing Lightning

Although talented Midland Texas-based photographer Tamara Pruessner pursues diverse genres of photography, she is best known for her macro and storm photography. She is also known for chasing storms that race across the area just to return with some spectacular lightning photos.  This time, Infocus Newsletter decided to ask Tamara few questions about how she goes about creating some stunning images. Here is what she has to say…

• What is the best time and location to go storm chasing? What tools do you use to predict where and when?
  In Arizona, monsoon season is typically the best time to chase lightning. I chased storms for all of my photographs in southern Arizona. You can find this type of storm in Arizona, New Mexico, and northwest Mexico as well as parts of Colorado and Utah.  The peak season tends to be between mid-July and mid-August, but the official season is from June 15^th to September 30^th.  Storms start building mid to late afternoon, after having daytime heat to fuel them; after a heavy rain, they usually dissipate by late night. I used a local storm tracker app as well as a lightning tracker app on my cell phone to watch how the storms moved and where the lightning was striking the most, so that I could get into a good position to shoot the lightning. I also watched the news weather report to see how the heat, humidity, and resulting storms, were going to be for the week. With the monsoons, you can see the clouds build  if they are going to show up during the afternoon. If it’s a night storm, then you have to watch your weather radar to get an idea of if, when, and where they will show.

• How do you determine exposure specially during a lightning storm?
  I always shoot in manual mode because that gives me the best options for lightning and the intensity or lack of intensity that it has.  With my 11-16mm lens, I tend to stay near F2.8 and adjust my shutter speed to about 30 seconds. With my 18-270 lens, I tend to stay between F5.6 and F8.  If there is a tremendous amount of flashes or the storm is around sunset with a lot of light, I close down my shutter. If the clouds are moving fast, then I drop down to 15-20 seconds. If the lightning is close, then I close down my shutter and drop my shutter speed. With each storm being different, you have to take a couple of test shots to check your settings. The best way that I have found to make sure my lightning is in focus is to use distant focal points such as city lights or I set my lens to infinity focus.  After you do either, be sure to switch your lens or camera to manual so you don’t lose your focus.

• Any tips for composition while photographing storms?
  I like to be in open spaces, or at least above the line of mesquite trees. A clear view to the storm and the lightning can really set your photograph apart. Some of my favorite images show the mountains in the distance getting hit with a tremendous storm is above them.  Using the mountains like that really shows off the scale of how big the lightning can get. I do have a few images where I am much closer to the lightning. When I shoot those images, I like to bring my camera down so that it is pointed upwards, towards the sky.  For those, I also try to make sure I have something else in the frame – a tree or a fence or even myself for one image! Having something else in the frame when you are that close, gives a sense of scale and balance to the strikes. The last, and probably most, important tip for composing a lightning shot, is to make sure that you have most of your composition filled with sky, not the ground or a tree/fence/other object. The lightning is your subject so give it room to shine.
• What photography equipment do you use to shoot the storms? Do you need any special equipment such as lightning triggers?
  I use my camera, either my Tokina 11-16mm lens or my Tamron 18-270mm lens (depending on how close I can get to a storm), a remote trigger, a sturdy tripod, and a 5-7 pound sandbag to hang on my tripod to keep it steady. The winds that get kicked up during a monsoon storm are strong enough and sudden enough to knock a camera over. You don’t need any special equipment unless you are trying to capture the lightning during the day. Typically with monsoon storms, if you watch for a couple of minutes, you’ll see which area of the storm most of the lightning is striking from.  At that point, adjust your settings and be patience.

• Any safety considerations or precautions you need to take?
  The biggest thing with these monsoon storms is that flooding regularly happens. It’s considered to be the #1 thunderstorm killer. You can be several miles away from the storm and still be be hit with flooding waters. Your other considerations must include down-bursts or micro-bursts which are the sudden winds that pop up as well as the lightning itself. And of course, safety around lightning should be important. Lightning can strike up to ten miles away from the storm. No matter where you are trying to capture lightning, it is of the utmost importance that you pay attention to your surroundings and what the storm is doing, by radar, your eyes, or preferably, both.